@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Manrope:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');
:root{--navy:#0d293c;--deep:#061c2c;--teal:#008f96;--aqua:#64d2d2;--ink:#183448;--mute:#547083;--line:#dce8ec;--cloud:#eef5f6;--paper:#fff}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;background:white;color:var(--ink);font-family:'DM Sans',Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.68}h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:'Manrope',Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.035em}h1{font-size:clamp(2.65rem,5.2vw,5.5rem);margin:.45em 0 .36em}h2{font-size:clamp(2rem,3.25vw,3.4rem);margin:.1em 0 .65em}h3{font-size:1.28rem}p{margin:.5em 0 1.25em}a{color:#007d89;text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}img{max-width:100%;display:block}figure{margin:0}.container{width:min(1170px,calc(100% - 44px));margin:auto}.teal{color:var(--teal)}.eyebrow{color:var(--teal);font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:800}.site-header{background:var(--navy);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;box-shadow:0 2px 10px #091f2e1c}.top-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;min-height:80px}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;color:#fff;white-space:nowrap}.brand b{font-size:1.35rem}.brand small{display:block;font-size:.54rem;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#aac5cc}.symbol{font-size:2.3rem;font-weight:800;line-height:1}.symbol span{color:#56d2c9}.top-nav nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;flex-wrap:wrap}.top-nav nav a{color:#d8e6eb;font-size:.79rem;font-weight:600}.top-nav nav a:hover,.top-nav nav a.active{color:#67dad6;text-decoration:none}.toggle{display:none;background:transparent;color:white;border:1px solid #56707b;border-radius:5px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:1.2rem}.sr-only{position:absolute;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);width:1px;height:1px}.hero{padding:78px 0 82px;background:linear-gradient(115deg,#ecf6f7 0%,white 58%,#e7f1f2 100%)}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.08fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:52px}.hero .lead{font-size:1.16rem;color:var(--mute)}.hero figure{border-radius:18px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 20px 60px #10334722;background:#dce9eb}.hero figure img{width:100%;height:410px;object-fit:cover}.hero figcaption{background:var(--deep);color:#c5d8dc;font-size:.72rem;padding:10px 16px}.actions{display:flex;gap:11px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:27px 0}.button{display:inline-block;background:var(--teal);border:1.5px solid var(--teal);color:#fff;padding:12px 22px;border-radius:6px;font-weight:700;font-size:.91rem}.button:hover{background:#08777c;color:white;text-decoration:none}.button.outline{background:transparent;color:var(--teal)}.microline{color:var(--mute);font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:700}.page-heading{padding:68px 0 75px;background:linear-gradient(115deg,#102e43,#0c4856);color:white}.page-heading .eyebrow{color:#78d5d4}.page-heading h1{max-width:990px;font-size:clamp(2.65rem,4.5vw,4.5rem);margin:.25em 0}.page-heading p{font-size:1.1rem;max-width:790px;color:#c9dde5}.section{padding:78px 0}.section:nth-of-type(even){background:#f4f8f9}.section-intro{font-size:1.1rem;max-width:840px;color:var(--mute);margin-top:-18px;margin-bottom:30px}.card-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:23px}.card-grid.two{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.feature-card{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:white;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 7px 20px #0d293c07;transition:transform .2s,box-shadow .2s}.feature-card:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 10px 25px #0d293c15}.feature-card>img{height:204px;width:100%;object-fit:cover;background:#dfecee}.feature-card .pad{padding:22px}.feature-card h3{margin:9px 0 9px}.feature-card p{color:var(--mute);font-size:.94rem}.text-link{font-weight:700}.split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:43px;align-items:start}.split>img{width:100%;border-radius:14px;max-height:460px;object-fit:cover;box-shadow:0 12px 36px #102c4017}.intro{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.78}.flow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;margin:28px 0}.flow-step{background:#eaf4f5;border:1px solid #cde3e5;padding:18px 14px;border-radius:10px;min-height:167px}.flow-step span{display:block;color:var(--teal);font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:800}.flow-step strong{display:block;font-size:.91rem;line-height:1.3;margin:8px 0}.flow-step small{color:var(--mute);display:block;font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.45}.caption-note{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--mute)}.framework{border:1px solid #d5e9ea;border-radius:16px;background:white;padding:34px;max-width:1030px;margin:30px auto;text-align:center}.framework-head{background:var(--navy);color:white;padding:21px;border-radius:9px;font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:800}.framework-branches{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;margin:22px 0 0}.framework-branches a{display:block;padding:23px;background:#eaf5f6;border-radius:9px;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid #d2e5e6}.framework-branches b,.framework-branches small,.framework-center small{display:block}.framework-branches small{color:var(--mute);font-size:.79rem;margin-top:6px}.framework-arrow{font-size:2rem;color:var(--teal);line-height:1.45}.framework-center{padding:18px;background:#e9f5f6;border:1px solid #c4e5e5;border-radius:8px;font-weight:800}.framework-center small{font-weight:400;color:var(--mute)}.framework-bottom{background:#dff1ed;padding:20px 10px;border-radius:8px;color:#155e60;font-weight:700}.framework-bottom span{color:#3aa4a5;padding:0 10px}.profile{display:grid;grid-template-columns:270px 1fr;gap:36px;align-items:start;padding:25px;background:#f1f7f7;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px}.profile>img{width:100%;border-radius:8px}.profile h3{font-size:2rem;margin:.3em 0}.role{font-weight:700;color:#416272}.publication{display:grid;grid-template-columns:300px 1fr;gap:25px;align-items:center;padding:25px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.publication>img{width:100%;height:200px;object-fit:contain;background:#f2f6f6;border-radius:9px}.publication h3{margin:.4em 0}.publication p{color:var(--mute)}.notice{margin:30px 0;background:#eef6f7;border-left:4px solid var(--teal);padding:20px;font-size:.9rem}.callout{background:#e6f2f3;border:1px solid #cce5e6;border-radius:13px;padding:28px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px}.callout h3{margin:.2em 0}.callout p{margin:.5em 0}.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:60px}footer{background:var(--deep);color:#c6d9df;padding:54px 0 22px}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr;gap:32px}.footer-grid h2{font-size:2rem;color:white;margin:0}.footer-grid h4{color:white;margin:.1em 0 12px}.footer-grid a{color:#a1d9d9}.legal{border-top:1px solid #335064;margin-top:35px;padding-top:18px;font-size:.76rem;color:#809caa}@media(max-width:1020px){.top-nav nav{gap:9px}.top-nav nav a{font-size:.68rem}}@media(max-width:800px){.toggle{display:block}.top-nav nav{display:none;position:absolute;top:80px;left:0;right:0;background:var(--navy);padding:18px 24px;box-shadow:0 16px 22px #11263745;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.top-nav nav.open{display:flex}.top-nav nav a{font-size:1rem}.hero-grid,.split,.profile,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hero figure img{height:310px}.card-grid,.card-grid.two{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.flow{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.publication{grid-template-columns:200px 1fr}}@media(max-width:550px){.container{width:min(100% - 30px,1170px)}.section{padding:50px 0}.hero{padding:44px 0}.card-grid,.card-grid.two,.framework-branches,.footer-grid,.publication{grid-template-columns:1fr}.publication>img{height:220px}.flow{grid-template-columns:1fr}.flow-step{min-height:auto}.callout{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.framework{padding:15px}.page-heading{padding:46px 0}}

/* Homepage molecular animation */
.video-section{background:#f0f6f8}.video-copy{max-width:760px}.video-copy .section-intro{max-width:760px}.video-figure{margin:26px 0 0;background:#0b2539;border:1px solid #cbdce1;border-radius:16px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 18px 45px #0b253918}.video-figure video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;background:#082034;object-fit:contain}.video-figure figcaption{padding:12px 20px;color:#d5e8ed;font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.6}

/* V2 refinement: clear, responsive technical diagrams and uncropped portrait faces */
.brand{white-space:normal;min-width:255px}.brand small{max-width:255px;font-size:.62rem;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:.012em}.top-nav{gap:12px}.top-nav nav{gap:11px}.top-nav nav a{font-size:.76rem}
.feature-card>img[src$=".svg"]{object-fit:contain;padding:10px;background:#f6fbfc}.hero figure img[src$=".svg"]{object-fit:contain;background:#f6fbfc}.split>img[src$=".svg"]{object-fit:contain;max-height:none;background:#f6fbfc;box-shadow:none}.feature-card:has(img[src*="raman.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="shraddha.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="digvijay.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="vasanth.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="kim.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="lee.webp"]) img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center 18%;background:#eef4f6;height:320px;padding:0}.profile>img{object-fit:cover;object-position:center 12%;background:#eaf1f3;max-height:430px;min-height:360px;border:1px solid #d7e4e8}.diagram-image{width:100%;height:320px;object-fit:contain;background:#f8fbfc;padding:12px}@media(max-width:1050px){.top-nav nav{gap:7px}.top-nav nav a{font-size:.69rem}}@media(max-width:800px){.brand small{max-width:270px}}

/* Review refinement: original imagery, legible diagrams, no generated artwork */
.flow{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(205px,1fr));gap:16px}
.flow-step{min-height:190px;padding:24px 22px}
.flow-step strong{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.35}
.flow-step small{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6}
.framework-head{font-size:1.4rem}.framework-branches a{font-size:1.12rem}
.framework-branches small,.framework-center small{font-size:.98rem}
.hero figure img{object-fit:contain;background:#14232b}
.feature-card>img[src$="research-direction-reference.webp"]{object-fit:contain;background:#f9fbfc;padding:12px}
.original-research-figure{margin:24px 0 40px;background:#f7fafb;border:1px solid #dbeaec;padding:18px;border-radius:14px}
.original-research-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain}
.original-research-figure figcaption{font-size:.91rem;color:#547083;margin-top:12px}
@media(max-width:800px){.flow{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media(max-width:550px){.flow{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hero figure img{height:auto;min-height:210px}}

.project-figure-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:24px;align-items:start;margin-top:22px}.mini-figure-card{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 7px 20px #0d293c07}.mini-figure-card img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;background:#f8fbfc;padding:14px}.mini-figure-card .pad{padding:18px}.mini-figure-card h3{margin:.2em 0 .5em;font-size:1.18rem}.mini-figure-card p{color:var(--mute);font-size:.94rem}.original-research-figure{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:0 7px 20px #0d293c07}.original-research-figure img{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:560px;object-fit:contain;background:#f9fbfc;padding:10px}.original-research-figure figcaption{padding:14px 18px;color:var(--mute);font-size:.9rem}.feature-card>img[src$="mrna-construct-reference.webp"],.feature-card>img[src$="future-directions.svg"],.feature-card>img[src$="phd-research-pathways.svg"]{object-fit:contain;background:#f8fbfc;padding:12px}.feature-card.tight-copy .pad{padding-top:18px}.feature-card.tight-copy h3{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.2}.feature-card.tight-copy p{font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.65}@media(max-width:800px){.project-figure-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.diagram-image{height:260px}.feature-card:has(img[src*="raman.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="shraddha.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="digvijay.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="vasanth.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="kim.webp"]) img,.feature-card:has(img[src*="lee.webp"]) img{height:280px}}


/* SIBES V2: typography, whitespace and responsive refinements */
:root{--content-narrow:75ch}
body{font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
h1,h2,h3,h4{overflow-wrap:break-word;letter-spacing:-.027em}
h1{line-height:1.09}h2{line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:.56em}h3{line-height:1.28}
p{max-width:var(--content-narrow);line-height:1.75;margin:.6em 0 1.12em}
.section{padding:clamp(56px,6.2vw,86px) 0}
.section>.container>h2{margin-bottom:.52em}
.section-intro{margin-top:0;line-height:1.75;max-width:800px;font-size:1.08rem}
.intro{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.76}
.eyebrow{font-size:.82rem;letter-spacing:.13em;line-height:1.5}
.page-heading{padding:clamp(58px,7vw,84px) 0}
.page-heading h1{max-width:1000px;line-height:1.09}
.page-heading p{font-size:1.18rem;line-height:1.65}
.hero{padding:clamp(54px,6.8vw,90px) 0}
.hero-grid{gap:clamp(28px,4.2vw,62px)}
.hero .lead{font-size:1.21rem;line-height:1.75;max-width:640px}
.hero figure img{height:clamp(340px,34vw,470px)}
.card-grid{gap:clamp(18px,2vw,28px)}
.feature-card .pad{padding:clamp(22px,2.25vw,28px)}
.feature-card h3{font-size:1.38rem;margin:8px 0 12px}
.feature-card p{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.7;margin:.3em 0 1em}
.feature-card .text-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:4px}
.split{gap:clamp(28px,4vw,54px);align-items:center}
.flow{gap:14px;margin:30px 0}
.flow-step{min-height:175px;padding:21px 17px}
.flow-step strong{font-size:1.13rem;letter-spacing:-.015em}
.flow-step small{font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.6}
.framework{padding:clamp(22px,3.4vw,40px)}
.profile{gap:clamp(24px,3.5vw,44px);padding:clamp(22px,3vw,34px)}
.profile h3{font-size:clamp(1.65rem,2.6vw,2.2rem)}
.profile>img{width:100%;height:360px;min-height:0;max-height:none;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 12%}
.publication{gap:clamp(22px,3vw,34px);padding:30px 0}
.publication h3{font-size:1.36rem}
.button{line-height:1.35;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.top-nav{min-height:86px}
.top-nav nav a{padding:8px 0;white-space:nowrap}
.brand{flex-shrink:0}
.brand small{font-size:.60rem;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:1.25;white-space:normal;max-width:295px}
.toggle{min-width:45px;min-height:45px;cursor:pointer}
a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #49c9ce;outline-offset:3px}
.video-figure video{max-height:700px}
.original-research-figure img{max-height:none;object-fit:contain}
/* Larger presentation of the Theme 2 explanatory illustration; no tiny thumbnail. */
.feature-card>img.diagram-image{height:310px;object-fit:contain;padding:5px;background:#f7fbfc}
/* Portraits occupy the full card width without internal whitespace. */
.feature-card:has(img[src*="raman.webp"]) img,
.feature-card:has(img[src*="shraddha.webp"]) img,
.feature-card:has(img[src*="digvijay.webp"]) img,
.feature-card:has(img[src*="vasanth.webp"]) img,
.feature-card:has(img[src*="kim.webp"]) img,
.feature-card:has(img[src*="lee.webp"]) img{height:350px;width:100%;padding:0;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 15%}
@media(max-width:1120px){
  .top-nav{min-height:82px;gap:12px}
  .brand small{max-width:240px}
  .top-nav nav{gap:9px}
  .top-nav nav a{font-size:.73rem}
}
@media(max-width:950px){
  .toggle{display:block;flex-shrink:0}
  .top-nav nav{display:none;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:0;background:#0d293c;padding:14px max(22px,calc((100% - 1170px)/2));box-shadow:0 18px 25px #041d2a40;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0}
  .top-nav nav.open{display:flex}
  .top-nav nav a{display:block;font-size:1rem;padding:13px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff1a;min-height:45px}
  .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:26px}
  .hero figure img{height:340px}
  .card-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
  .flow{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}
  .feature-card>img.diagram-image{height:280px}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
  .container{width:calc(100% - 36px)}
  .hero-grid,.split,.profile,.contact-grid,.publication{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .hero{padding:48px 0 52px}
  .hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.6rem,9vw,4rem)}
  .hero figure img{height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/10;object-fit:cover}
  .section{padding:54px 0}
  .page-heading{padding:50px 0 55px}
  .page-heading h1{font-size:clamp(2.35rem,8vw,3.4rem)}
  .page-heading p{font-size:1.07rem}
  .card-grid,.card-grid.two{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .feature-card>img{height:230px}
  .feature-card>img.diagram-image{height:auto;max-height:320px;min-height:200px}
  .feature-card:has(img[src*="raman.webp"]) img,
  .feature-card:has(img[src*="shraddha.webp"]) img,
  .feature-card:has(img[src*="digvijay.webp"]) img,
  .feature-card:has(img[src*="vasanth.webp"]) img,
  .feature-card:has(img[src*="kim.webp"]) img,
  .feature-card:has(img[src*="lee.webp"]) img{height:clamp(300px,72vw,440px)}
  .profile>img{height:auto;max-height:460px;width:100%;object-fit:contain;background:#edf3f5}
  .flow{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:12px}
  .flow-step{min-height:0;padding:20px 22px}
  .flow-step strong{font-size:1.2rem}
  .flow-step small{font-size:1rem}
  .framework-branches,.footer-grid,.publication,.project-figure-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .publication>img{height:auto;max-height:250px;object-fit:contain}
  .callout{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}
  .callout .button{width:100%}
  .actions .button{flex:1 1 185px}
  .video-figure figcaption{font-size:.89rem}
}
@media(max-width:390px){
  .container{width:calc(100% - 28px)}
  .brand{gap:7px}
  .brand b{font-size:1.18rem}
  .brand small{font-size:.53rem;max-width:185px}
  .symbol{font-size:2rem}
  .hero h1{font-size:2.35rem}
  h2{font-size:2rem}
  .feature-card .pad{padding:20px}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}.feature-card{transition:none}}